The invoice tells you what print cost. It does not tell you what print cost. There is a difference, and it shows up nowhere in the accounts.

Most associations underestimate the internal time print consumes by a factor of three or more. Not the design hours, which are at least counted. The other hours. Chasing a quote. Checking artwork. Correcting artwork that came back wrong. Phoning the printer because a delivery missed an event. Apologising to a board member. Re-briefing a designer because the brief was never written down.

Tie back to Chapter 3. Single point of contact. Documented standards. One workflow rather than seven. Connect each fix to a concrete hour saved. RoPS dimension: Internal time recovered.